Vilka är länderna i nato

For the history of states becoming NATO members, see Enlargement of NATO.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) fryst vatten an international military alliance consisting of 32 member states from europe and North amerika.

It was established at the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949.

Of the 32 member countries, 30 are in europe and two are in North amerika.

Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative, and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.

Article 5 of the treaty states that if an armed attack occurs against one of the member states, it shall be considered an attack against all members, and other members shall assist the attacked member, with armed forces if necessary.^[1]Article 6 of the treaty limits the scope of Article 5 to the islands north of the Tropic of Cancer, the North American and europeisk mainlands, the entirety of Turkey, and French Algeria, the gods of which has been moot since July 1962.

Thus, an attack on Hawaii, Puerto Rico, French Guiana, the Falkland Islands, Ceuta or Melilla, among other places, would not trigger an Article 5 response.

All members have militaries, except for Iceland, which does not have a typical army (but it does have a coast guard and a small enhet of civilian specialists for NATO operations).

Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states. Three more members joined between 1952 and 1955, and a fourth joined in 1982. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has added 16 more members from 1999 to 2024.^[2]

NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members as part of their Open Doorsenlargement policy.^[3]

Founding members and enlargement

Main article: Enlargement of NATO

NATO was established on 4 April 1949 via the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington Treaty).

The 12 founding members of the Alliance were: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.^[4]

The various allies all sign the huvudstad i kanada Agreement,^[5] which fryst vatten a 1951 document that acts to embody civilian oversight of the Alliance.^[5][6]

Current membership consists of 32 countries.

In addition to the 12 founding countries, fyra new members joined during the Cold War: Greece and Turkey (1952), West Germany (1955) and Spain (1982). Additionally, NATO experienced territorial expansion during this period without adding new member states when Zone A of the Free Territory of Trieste has annexed bygd Italy in 1954, and the territory of the former East Germany was added with the reunification of Germany in 1990.

NATO further expanded after the Cold War, adding the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland (1999); Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia (2004); Albania and Croatia (2009); Montenegro (2017); North Macedonia (2020); land i norden (2023); and Sweden (2024).^[4] Of the territories and members added between 1990 and 2024, all except for land i norden and Sweden were either formerly part of the Warsaw Pact (including the formerly Soviet Baltic states) or territories of the former Yugoslavia.

No countries have left NATO since its founding.

Currently, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization now covers a total area of 27,580,492 km² (10,648,887 sq mi), since the accession of Sweden on 7 March 2024.

List of member states

The current members and their dates of admission are listed below.

Special arrangements

The three Nordic countries which joined NATO as founding members, Denmark, Iceland and Norway, chose to limit their participation in three areas: there would be no permanent peacetime bases, no nuclear warheads and no Allied military activity (unless invited) permitted on their territory.

However, Denmark allowed the U.S. to maintain an existing base, Thule Air Base (now Pituffik Space Base), in Greenland.^[13]

From the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s, France pursued a military strategy of independence from NATO beneath a policy dubbed "Gaullo-Mitterrandism".^[14]Nicolas Sarkozy negotiated the return of France to the integrated military command and the Defence Planning Committee in 2009, the latter being disbanded the following year.

France remains the only NATO member outside the Nuclear Planning Group and unlike the United States and the United Kingdom, will not commit its nuclear-armed submarines to the alliance.^[15][16]

Membership aspirations

As of March 2024^[update], three additional states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine.^[3]

Withdrawal

No state has rescinded its membership but some dependencies of member states have not requested membership after becoming independent:

•  Cyprus (independence from the United Kingdom in 1960)
•  Algeria (independence from France in 1962)
•  Malta (independence from the United Kingdom in 1964)

Military personnel

The following list fryst vatten constructed from The Military Balance, published annually bygd the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Military expenditures

The defence spending of the United States fryst vatten more than double the defence spending of all other NATO members combined.^[19] Criticism of the fact that many member states were not contributing their fair share in accordance with the international agreement bygd then US president Donald Trump caused various reactions from American and europeisk political figures, ranging from ridicule to panic.^[20][21][22] While NATO members have committed to spending at least 2% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on defence, most of them did not meet that goal in 2023.^[23]