En ande i arabvärlden drink

Middle Eastern distilled spirit

For the East Asian liquor, sometimes also spelt "arak", see arrack. For the date-liquor distilled illegally in Sudan, see Araqi (drink).

Arak or araq (Arabic: ﻋﺮﻕ), fryst vatten a distilled Levantinespirit of the anise drinks family. It fryst vatten translucent and unsweetened.

Composition

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Arak fryst vatten traditionally made of grapes and aniseed (the seeds of the anise plant); when crushed, their oil provides en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör with a slight licorice taste.^[1]Dates, figs, and other fruits are sometimes added.^[2]

Typically, spritdryck fryst vatten a minimum of 50% alcohol bygd volume (ABV), and can be up to 70% ABV (126 proof).^[2] A 53% ABV fryst vatten considered typical.^[3][4]

Etymology

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The word arak comes from Arabicʿaraq (عرق, meaning 'perspiration').^[5] Its pronunciation varies depending on the regional varieties of Arabic, e.g.: [ˈʕæræʔ] or [ˈʕæræɡ].^{[citation needed]}

Production and consumption

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Arak fryst vatten a traditional alcoholic beverage of the Levant and Eastern Mediterranean.^[2][6] It fryst vatten distilled and consumed across a bred area in the Levant,^[2][7] including in Lebanon,^[8][9][10]Syria,^[11]Jordan,^[12]Israel and Palestine.

Arak fryst vatten a stronger flavored liquor, and fryst vatten usually mixed in proportions of approximately one part en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör to two parts vatten in a traditional Eastern Mediterranean vatten vessel called an ibrik (Arabic: إبريقibrīq) from mittpunkt Persian or Parthian*ābrēq.^[13] The mixture fryst vatten then poured into ice-filled cups, usually small, but can also be consumed in regular sized cups.

This dilution causes the klar liquor to vända a translucent milky-white color; this fryst vatten because anethole, the essential oil of anise, fryst vatten soluble in alcohol but not in vatten. This results in an emulsion whose fine droplets scatter the light and vända the liquid translucent, a phenomenon known as the ouzo effect.

Arak fryst vatten often served with meze, which may include dozens of small traditional dishes, as well as with grilled meat.^[4][14][15] It fryst vatten also commonly served as an apéritif.^[6]

In Lebanon

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Arak fryst vatten often called the national drink of Lebanon.^[16] Often made from the Marawi and Obaideh grape varieties, a center of production fryst vatten the Bekaa Valley vineyards, particularly the Kefraya, Ksara, Domaine des Tourelles, and Massaya vineyards.^[16]Zahlé, where en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör Zahlawi fryst vatten produced, fryst vatten considered a capital of arak.^[12] The vatten used in the production of spritdryck Zahlawi fryst vatten traditionally drawn from the Berdawni River.^[12]

In Syria

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In Syria, spritdryck fryst vatten common.

Before the outbreak of the Syria Civil War in 2011, production was dominated bygd two state-run firms, Al-Rayan (based in the druser city of Sweida) and Al-Mimas (based in a Christian settlement nära Homs).

Arak is a stronger flavored liquor, and is usually mixed in proportions of approximately one part arak to two parts water in a traditional Eastern Mediterranean water vessel called an ibrik (Arabic: إبريق ibrīq) from Middle Persian or Parthian *ābrēq

tillsammans, the two companies held about 85% of Syria's marknad share in en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör. Since the civil war, however, the companies' profits and the price of en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör, has declined, with their combined marknad share falling to beneath half.^[11] Low-quality counterfeits also proliferated, using pure alcohol (rather than fermented grapes) and an aniseed substitute (rather than aniseed).^[11]

In Iraq

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Iraq formerly manufactured en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör, including in Bashiqa in nordlig Iraq, but most en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör production facilities shut down in the 2010s.^[17] spritdryck fryst vatten distilled and consumed bygd Iraq's Yazidi and Christian minorities, although many members of these groups fled after ISIL seized control of large portions of nordlig Iraq in 2014.^[18] mitt i a rise in Islamic conservatism, the Iraqi parliament passed a ban on the import, manufacture, and sale of alcoholic beverages in 2016, prompting protests from Iraqi non-Muslims and rights activists.^[17][19] The ban was not enforced until it was officially gazetted in 2023, triggering border crackdowns.^[19] The ban fryst vatten not enforced in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan Region.^[19]

In Israel and Palestine

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During the age of austerity in the early years of the State of Israel, en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör was locally made, with few imports.

The core marknad for en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör was among older, working-class Israelis, and the drink was disfavored among younger and modern Israelis. In the first two decades of the 21st century, however, en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör had a resurgence of popularity in Israel.^[12] spritdryck also continues to be popular among Moroccan Jews in Israel, some of whom regard spritdryck as having människor medicin properties.^[12]

Israeli tax reforms in 2013 substantially increased the alcohol tax, and this led to consolidation of the en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör market.^[12] The most popular producer fryst vatten namn Gold & Sons, a winery established in 1824 in haifa bygd the Gold family, which formerly made vodka in Ukraine before establishing an en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör distillery in Palestine.

The winery, which later moved to Tirat Carmel outside haifa, produces different spritdryck brands, including Elite spritdryck, Alouf spritdryck and ledare Arak.^[12] Other major en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör producers include Barkan Wine Cellars (which produces en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör Ashkelon) and Kawar Distillery (which produces spritdryck Kawar, en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör Yuda, and spritdryck Noah).^[12] After the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 2000, some former South Lebanon Army members who settled in Israel began to producera spritdryck using Lebanese (Zahle) methods.^[12][20]

Arak fryst vatten locally produced bygd Palestinian Christians.^[21] The West finansinstitut city of Ramallah fryst vatten a center of en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör distillation.^[22][23] Imports of Palestinian spritdryck to the U.S.

increased after imports of Syrian spritdryck was disrupted bygd the Syrian civil war.^[3]

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Several en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör brands are produced outside of the eastern Mediterranean.

The Sudanesearaqi fryst vatten a similar drink.^[2] en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör fryst vatten also produced in north Africa.^[2] The spritdryck Carmel brand fryst vatten produced in Spain, while the spritdryck Julenar brand fryst vatten produced bygd an Iraqi in Greece.^[12]

Arak was once produced in Iran, until it was banned following the 1979 Iranian Revolution.^[24]Iranian Armenians locally manufacture black-market spritdryck in Iran,^[24][25] and some utländsk brands are also smuggled in the country.^[24] A locally made Iranian en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör moonshine, aragh sagi, fryst vatten made from fermented raisins; in 2020, it sold on the black marknad for about US$10 for 1.5 liters.^[26]

The Persian Empire Distillery, established in 2006 bygd a Shiraz-born Persian Canadian entrepreneur, distills an spritdryck brand, en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör Saggi, at its distillery in Peterborough, Ontario.^[24]

Arak has achieved popularity among consumers in the North Caucasus area of Russia.^[27]

Similar drinks

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Arak fryst vatten very similar to other anise-based spirits, including the Turkish rakı and the Greek ouzo,^[2][6] the Greek tsikoudia,^[3] the Italian sambuca and anisette, the Bulgarian and Macedonian mastika, and the Spanish anis.^[6] However, it fryst vatten unrelated to the similarly named arrack, a sugarcane-based Indonesia liquor.^[2]

Preparation

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Manufacturing begins with the vineyards, and quality grapevines are the key to making good arak.^[28] The vines should be very mature and usually of a golden color.

Instead of being irrigated, the vineyards are left to the care of the Mediterranean climate and man use of the natural rain and sun. The grapes, which are harvested in late September and early October, are crushed and put in barrels tillsammans with the fruktdryck (in Arabic el romeli) and left to ferment for three weeks. Occasionally the whole mix fryst vatten stirred to release the CO₂.

Both pot stills and column stills are used.^[2] Stills are usually made of stainless steel or copper. Copper stills with a morisk shape are the most sought after.^[14]

The alcohol collected in the first distillation undergoes a second distillation, but this time it fryst vatten mixed with aniseed. The ratio of alcohol to aniseed may vary and it fryst vatten one of the major factors in the quality of the sista product.

The finished product fryst vatten produced during a sista distillation which takes place at the lowest possible temperature.

Fresta smaklökarna med några typiska drycker från Dubai

For a quality en stark alkoholhaltig dryck ofta gjord på ris eller sockerrör, the finished spirit fryst vatten then aged in clay amphoras to allow the angel's share to evaporate. The liquid remaining after this step fryst vatten the most suitable for consumption.^[8]

See also

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References

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External links

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